Furthermore, we documented respiratory pathogen circulation as restrictions were loosened and the different phases were implemented over time. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated the absolute and relative detection frequencies of common respiratory pathogens in a clinical setting during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared these results to annual patterns of pathogen detection during the two preceding pre-pandemic years at a large academic medical center in Nashville, TN. While most studies have focused on RSV and influenza circulation amidst the pandemic wave, scant information exists on the detection of other significant ARI pathogens. The sharp decline in respiratory pathogen circulation may be attributable to a variety of factors, including mitigation measures, refocused clinical testing and epidemiologic surveillance, altered healthcare-seeking behaviors, and SARS-CoV-2 biological interference with infection by other common respiratory pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination began in January 2021. Nashville was one of the study sites, and on March 23, 2020, the Metro Public Health Department in Nashville, Tennessee issued a stay-at-home order for non-essential workers in Davidson County and by March 31, 2020, the Tennessee governor issued a state-wide mandate. This study of children under 18 years with ARI noted an average of 10.6 fewer eligible ARI cases/week per site and 63.9% and 45.8% lower odds of testing positive for RSV and influenza, respectively, during the 2020 community mitigation period compared to the 2016–2019 period. For instance, we previously showed that the circulation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza ceased abruptly in March 2020 shortly after the implementation of community mitigation measures to lessen the spread of SARS-CoV-2 across seven cities in the United States. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.Ī decrease in medically attended acute respiratory illness (ARI) due to pathogens other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported worldwide during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Sanofi Pasteur also donated vaccines and influenza antibody testing for influenza vaccine trial. 4.Ĭompeting interests: Natasha Halasa, MD, MPH receives grant support from Sanofi Pasteur, Quidel, and speaker compensation from an education grant supported by Genentech. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Rankin is supported by the National Institutes of Health under award number TL1TR002244. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: Danielle A. Received: JAccepted: JPublished: August 3, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Haddadin et al. PLoS ONE 17(8):Įditor: Oana Săndulescu, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy: Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Carol Davila, ROMANIA (2022) Respiratory pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic: Alterations in detection and seasonality in Nashville, Tennessee. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Citation: Haddadin Z, Spieker AJ, Rahman H, Rankin DA, Talj R, Yanis A, et al. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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